
Tawarruq
A financing arrangement where a buyer purchases a commodity on a deferred payment basis and sells it to a third party for cash. Used to obtain liquidity while complying with Shariah law.
Murabaha
A cost-plus-profit sale where the seller discloses the cost and profit margin to the buyer. In supply chain finance, it’s used for purchasing goods with deferred payments.
Salam contract
A forward sale contract where the buyer pays in advance for goods to be delivered at a future date. It supports suppliers needing upfront capital for production.
Ijarah
A leasing agreement where one party leases an asset to another for a fixed rent. In supply chains, it’s often used for equipment or vehicle financing.
Mudarabah
A profit-sharing partnership where one party provides capital (rabb-ul-mal) and the other provides expertise (mudarib). Used to finance businesses or suppliers with shared profit/loss.